Copublished with Capital & Main
Farmworkers in California are bearing the brunt of life-threatening heat waves that have increased in intensity and duration.
Dozens of farmworkers interviewed say that they often toil in blistering heat without shade and sometimes without water provided by employers, as required by state law.
Now California Gov. Gavin Newsom has vetoed a bill that was intended to protect farmworkers injured when employers violate state outdoor heat safety regulations—dealing a setback to farmworkers and their advocates.
SB 1299, which was introduced by Sen. Dave Cortese (D-San Jose), would have made it easier for farmworkers to file workers’ compensation claims for an injury that is heat related. SB 1299 would have placed the burden of proof on employers who failed to comply with outdoor heat regulations when the injury occurred to show the claim was not due to heat.
In a statement, Cortese criticized Newsom for not realizing that farmworkers are endangered because many employers are violating California law.
“Newsom has failed to recognize this and take swift action to prevent future heat-related injuries and death among vulnerable farmworkers,” said Cortese, who sits on the Labor, Public Employment and Retirement Committee. “His decision to not sign my bill is an affront to all farmworkers across our state … and sends a troubling message about our commitment to their health and well-being.”
In a veto message to state lawmakers, Newsom said that “farmworkers need strong protections from the risk of heat-related illness,” but he added the “workers’ compensation system is not equipped to make determinations about employers’ compliance” with outdoor heat-safety regulations.
The bill was sponsored by the United Farm Workers union, which played a key role in establishing California’s landmark outdoor heat-illness safety law, enacted two decades ago after several workers died in searing temperatures. The measure was opposed by the California Farm Bureau and California Chamber of Commerce.
In his letter, Newsom said that enforcement of outdoor heat-protection regulations is the responsibility of the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA. The agency, the governor said, “prioritizes protections for vulnerable workers, especially farmworkers.”
But an investigation by Capital & Main in August found that Cal/OSHA field enforcement inspections dropped by nearly 30% between 2017 and 2023. Violations issued to employers decreased by more than 40% during the period.
A week after the report was published, Cal/OSHA announced that it was bolstering an enforcement unit to go after the most egregious employers. The agency, which is grappling with severe staffing shortages, has also said it plans to expand enforcement operations.
California law requires protections such as providing break areas with shade and “pure, suitably cool” water as “close as practicable” to workers when temperatures exceed 80 degrees F. It also requires employers to provide annual heat-safety training to workers.
In interviews, many farmworkers said they had not received heat-safety training and were unaware of their rights under state law.
In a study published last year in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the authors cited an analysis of workers’ compensation claims filed in California from 2000 to 2017. It found that agricultural workers had the highest rate of heat-related illness during the period. The report also cited data from a separate study showing that agricultural workers accounted for nearly a third of more than 500 fatal and catastrophic heat cases reported in the state between 2005 and 2021. Those cases likely represented a “significant undercount,” the authors said.
California established outdoor heat-safety regulations in 2005, becoming the first state in the nation to enact such protections. Yet, over the years, Cal/OSHA has been accused repeatedly of failing to protect farmworkers.
The United Farm Workers sued the agency twice, alleging that it failed to enforce the law. As part of a 2015 settlement with the union, Cal/OSHA pledged to maintain a task force to review employer records documenting heat-illness training and increase the number of inspections during high-heat periods.
California lawmakers have vowed to introduce new legislation to protect farmworkers when the Legislature convenes next year.
This story was produced by Capital & Main in partnership with the McGraw Center for Business Journalism at the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York and was supported by the California Health Care Foundation and the Fund for Investigative Journalism.
